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目的:探讨儿童健康的相关因素,为促进儿童健康提供策略和依据。方法:对2002~2011年大连市中山区儿童保健工作实践状况进行分析。结果:中山区的儿童健康状况有了很大改善:2011年新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为3.4‰、4.6‰和5.1‰,均低于同期全国城市水平,已提前实现《中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020年)》提出的婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别控制在10‰和13‰以下的发展目标。促进儿童健康的策略:1实施母婴安全工程,确保孕产妇和儿童生存;2加强孕产妇和儿童系统管理;3强化政府责任,健全政府公共服务职能。讨论:中山区采取的促进儿童健康的策略和措施是行之有效的。但在新的形势下,随着儿童疾病模式的转变,新的健康问题显现,儿童保健的策略和措施需要应对新的挑战并作出调整。
Objective: To explore the related factors of children’s health and to provide strategies and basis for promoting children’s health. Methods: The status of child health care work in Zhongshan District of Dalian City from 2002 to 2011 was analyzed. Results: The health status of children in Zhongshan District has been greatly improved. The neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and child mortality rate under 5 years old in 2011 were 3.4 ‰, 4.6 ‰ and 5.1 ‰, respectively, lower than the national urban level in the same period. The development targets of infant and under-five mortality rates set out in the “Outline of China’s Children Development (2011-2020)” have been implemented ahead of schedule in 10 ‰ and 13 ‰, respectively. Strategies to promote children’s health: 1 Implement maternal and child safety projects to ensure the survival of pregnant women and children; 2 Strengthen maternal and child system management; 3 Strengthen government responsibilities and improve government public service functions. Discussion: Zhongshan District adopted strategies and measures to promote child health are effective. However, under the new situation, as the disease pattern of children changes, new health problems emerge. Children’s health strategies and measures need to meet new challenges and make adjustments.