塘坝灌溉

• 作 者: 黄昌栋
• 出 处: 中国水利
• 发表日期: 1956年12期
• 关键词: 灌溉用水量 蓄水灌溉 渗漏损失 地表径流 淮南地区 灌溉面积 地形 灌区 灌溉规划 总径流量

一、概述淮河流域以南地区,地势较高,起伏性大,适于修建塘坝。这个地区的土质为重沙质粘土,渗漏损失较小,所以农民几千年来就利用塘坝来蓄水灌溉。仍由于塘坝在设计和养护上存在着问题,塘坝蓄的径流量不多。1953年塘坝灌溉用水量只占本地区地总径流量的20％。塘坝的抗旱能力仅15～35天,平均在20天左右。本地区地形较高,用河水灌溉因需扬水所以是不经济的。解决淮南地区的严重旱灾,只有尽量地利用地表径流。

First, an overview of the Huaihe River Basin south of the area, high terrain, undulating, suitable for building pond dam. The soil in this area is heavy sandy clay with low seepage losses, so farmers have used ponds for water storage for thousands of years. Still due to the design and maintenance of the dam there is a problem, the reservoir runoff accumulated small. In 1953, the water consumption of ponds accounted for only 20% of the total runoff in the area. Dams dam drought resistance is only 15 to 35 days, an average of 20 days. The terrain in this area is higher, and it is uneconomical to irrigate with water because of the need of pumping water. To solve the severe drought in Huainan, only make use of surface runoff as much as possible.