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1896年已有报告双侧卵巢切除后能使乳腺癌缓解。此后发现某些肿瘤能用内分泌措施进行治疗,如手术切除内分泌腺,包括肾上腺、垂体、卵巢或睾丸;或用激素,包括雌激素、孕激素、雄激素、雌激素拮抗剂或皮质激素等。这些肿瘤有乳癌、前列腺癌、子宫内膜腺癌、肾癌以及白血病等。但并不是所有病人都对内分泌疗法有效,因此近年来着力研究能预示对内分泌疗法有效的指标。自从激素作用机理研究有进展以来,多着重研究激素受体与疗效及预后关系,结果发现两者确有密切关系,
In 1896, it has been reported that bilateral ovariectomy can relieve breast cancer. Since then, it has been found that some tumors can be treated with endocrine measures, such as surgical removal of the endocrine glands, including the adrenal gland, pituitary gland, ovary or testis, or hormones, including estrogens, progestins, androgens, estrogen antagonists, or corticosteroids. These tumors include breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial adenocarcinoma, kidney cancer, and leukemia. However, not all patients are effective for endocrine therapy. Therefore, in recent years, efforts have been made to study indicators that can predict the effectiveness of endocrine therapy. Since the study of the mechanism of hormone action has progressed, more emphasis has been placed on studying the relationship between hormone receptors, therapeutic effects, and prognosis. It was found that the two are indeed closely related.