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Linear viscoelasticity is certainly the field of the most extensive applications of fractional calculus in view of its ability to model hereditary phenomena with long memory.Our analysis, based on the classical linear theory of viscoelsticity, will start from the power law creep to justify the introduction of the operators of fractional calculus into the stress-strain relationship.So doing we will arrive at the fractional generalization of the classical mechanical models through a correspondence principle.We will devote particular attention to the generalization of the Zener model (Standard Linear Solid) of which we will provide a physical interpretation.We will also consider some wave propagation problems in viscoelastic media governed by constitutive equations containing fractional derivatives.