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Coenzyme A (CoA) is a universal acyl group carrier in all living cells.Pantothenate (Pan),also known as vitamin B5,is the precursor of CoA.Pantothenate kinase (PanK) catalyzes the first and regulatory step in the CoA biosynthetic pathway.In addition to being an essential cofactor in diverse cellular processes,CoA is the source of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group for multiple carrier proteins,including acyl carrier protein (ACP) which is a critical component in fatty acid biosynthesis.In gram-positive bacteria that lack glutathione,CoA also serves as the low molecular weight thiol to maintain the intracellular reducing environment.Pantothenamide are Pan analogs that possess antibiotic activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.