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The use of electrostatic field effects,including field-induced reversible-breakdown of the membrane and dielectrophoresis(DEP),in microfabricated structures are investigated.With the use of field constriction created by a micro-orifice whose diameter is smaller than the cells,controlled magnitude of pulsed voltage can be applied across the cell membrane regardless of the cell size,shape or orientation.As a result,the breakdown occurs reproducibly and with minimal invasiveness.The breakdown is used for two purposes,electroporation by which foreign substances can be fed into cells,and electrofusion which creates genetic and/or cytoplasmic mixture among two cells.When GFP plasmid is fed into MSC cell,the gene expression started within 2 hours,and finally observed in more than 50%of cells.For cell fusion,several ten percent fusion yield is achieved for most cell types,with the colony formation in several percents.Timing-controlled feeding foreign substances or mixing cellular contents,with high-yield and low-invasiveness,is expected to bring about a new technology for both genetic and epigenetic modifications of cellular functions,in such field as regenerative medicine.