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The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is dependent on a type Ⅲ secretion system and the type Ⅲ effector proteins (T3Es) it injects into plant cells to cause disease.The enzymatic activities of T3Es and their plant targets are not well understood.Ⅰ will discuss the progress that we have made on T3E activities and plant targets.One T3E that will be discussed is HopE1, which strongly suppresses both effector-tfiggered and PAMP-triggered immunity.