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Aphids are important agricultural pests worldwide causing damage by feeding or transmitting viruses.Analyzing potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) saliva by mass spectrometry, we have identified a large repertoire of the aphid secretome.Interestingly, a large proportion of this aphids secretome is annotated as unknowns.Surprisingly, among the secretome are proteins from a novel virus and from the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola that is essential for aphid survival.