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Successful management of infective endocarditis (IE) depends upon a multidisciplinary approach, involving infectious disease specialists, cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons and clinical pharmacologists.Because of difficult-to-cure infection, prolonged parental administration is recommended in β-1actam antimicrobial agents in combination with aminoglycosides, or vancomycin while nephrotoxicity is associated with high plasma concentrations and extended therapeutic duration.