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MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate key aspects of development and physiology in plants.It has been proposed that the multiplicity of the miR166/165 genes and their target genes class Ⅲ homeodomain/leucine zipper (HD-Zip Ⅲ) may mediate various aspects of plant growth and development.In this study, we use target mimicry to study the effect of simultaneous inactivation of all of the miRNA family members on plant development in order to better understand miR165/166 action.We identified novel functions of miR165/166 in a number of biological and physiological processes in Arabidopsis.In TM165/166 over-expressing transgenic plants, the degradation of endogenous miR165/166 (90%) was dramatically induced, which is unlike previous reports whose target mimicry blocked the corresponding miRNA functions without loss of miRNA identity in vivo (Franco-Zorrilla et al., 2007).