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Background: The prevalence of alcohol use disorders has increased dramatically over recent decades in China, especially among men.Few studies have assessed risk factors for suicide among adults with alcohol use disorders-the second most common psychiatric diagnosis among Chinese suicides.Methods: Data from the Chinas National Psychological Autopsy Study conducted from August 1995 to August 2000 were used in this secondary analysis.The characteristics of 68 men with alcohol use disorders who died by suicide at 23 geographically representative locations in China and 51 men with alcohol use disorders who died of other injuries were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Females were excluded because only 4 female decedents had an alcohol use disorder, providing too few subjects for analysis.Results: Among the 68 male suicide decedents with alcohol use disorders, 32.4% were 35-54 years of age, 77.9% lived in rural areas, 26.5% had comorbid major depression, 32.4% had previous suicide attempts, 29.4% had experienced acute life events in the two days prior to death, 79.4% had a lower level of overall functioning in the month prior to death, 80.9% had a higher chronic stress score related to negative life events in the year before death, and 40.9% had a friend or associate with previous suicidal behaviours.The multivariate logistic regression showed that significant independent risk factors for suicide among male decedents with alcohol use disorders included a lower level of per capita family income (OR=3.99; 95% Cl=1.41~11.27), a history of previous suicide attempt (35.90; 4.14~311.36), the presence of an acute negative life event in the two days prior to death (24.81 ; 4.63~132.95), and co-morbid major depression disorder (11.53; 2.62~ 50.81).Conclusion: Suicide prevention efforts for men with alcohol use disorders in China should focus on those who have lower family income and/or previous suicide attempts.Interventions with these subjects should emphasize the treatment of depressive symptoms and the amelioration of stress from acute life events.