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Grain chalkiness greatly affects the grain appearance and milling, eating,cooking, and nutritional qualities, so it is one of the most important traits of grain qualities.It is essential to dissect the genetic basis of grain chalkiness.This paper mainly reviewed the genetic studies of grain chalkiness, mapping and cloning of QTLs and genes associated with chalkiness in rice, and put forward some genetic improvement strategies of grain chalkiness.These results would provide useful references for high quality rice breeding.