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Backgound We aimed to examine the expression of miR-1307 in chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines and to analyze the clinicopathological significance of miR-1307 in ovarian cancer.Methods MicroRNA microarray was used to screen differentially expressed microRNAs between the chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer tissues.RT-PCR was used to validate the candidate microRNA.The potential target genes and their enriched biological pathways of microRNA were also analyzed.Dual Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay was conducted to validate the regulation of miRNA-1307 on the 3-UTR of DAPK3.Results miRNA-1307 was up-regulated in the chemo-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer tissues compared to the chemo-sensitive counterparts.The up-regulation of miRNA-1307 was not associated with menopause, tumor differentiation state, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer.Gene ontology analysis of miR-1307 candidate target genes indicated that miR-1307 candidate target genes were enriched in processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, nucleotide synthesis and metabolism, and lymphocytes activation.Conclusion Our results suggest that miRNA-1307 may play a role in the development of chemo-resistance in ovarian cancer.