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Two behavioral races,M (for cosmopolitan) and Z (for Zimbabwe) of Drosophila melanogaster provide a great model to study the genetic basis of racial differentiation.When given a choice,females from the Zimbabwe race mate only with males from its congener whereas females from the cosmopolitan race mate readily with males from both races little discriminatorily.A series of genetic analyses showed that the Z/M bohavioral isolation is mainly contributed by two major autosomes,and several fragments of the third chromosome are crucial in either male behavior or female preferences.