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Objective: To investigate compatibility and the function ofNano-chitosan /bone morphogenetic protein-2 Gel (Nano-CS/BMP-2 Gel) in accelerating the healing of mandibular defect.Methods: 1.) 9 SD rats were randomly elected for the experiment of the subcutaneous nodule.Nano-CS/BMP-2 Gel and Nano-CS Gel were separately injected into rats subcutaneous tissues on the either side of the back bone.3 rats were sacrificed after 10d, 20d, 30d.Gross and histological observations were evaluated.2.) 54 SD rats were divided randomly and equally into three groups: Nano-CS/BMP-2 Gel group, Nano-CS Gel group and control group.Nano-CS/BMP-2 Gel were implanted into the experimental group rats mandibular defect model.Mandibular defect of Chitosan Gel group implanted with Chitosan Gel.Mandibular defect of control group left empty.Animals were sacrificed after 3, 6,9 weeks.X-ray examination, pathologic observations were evaluated.