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OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to ob seve the protective effects of OSR (oxysophoridine, OSR) on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice and to explore its possible protective mechanism.METHODS ICR mice were divided into a sham-operated group, a vehicle group, OSR (62.5, 125, 250 mg· kg-1) groups and a nimodipine (6 mg·kg-1) group.I.p.administration of OSR(62.5, 125,250 mg· kg-1) in OSR groups for 7 d, ig administration of nimo dipine(6 mg·kg-1) in nimodipine group for 7 d, ip administra tion of the same volume saline in sham-operated group and vehi cle group for 7 d.Mice models of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury were established by occlusion of the right mid die cerebral artery for 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion except the sham-operated group.After 24 h of reperfusion, mice were test ed for neurological deficit scores with the method of Bedersons score, the cerebral infarct volume were assessed with the method of TTC staining in mice, the brain water content were determined by dry/wet weight method and the cerebral index were counted in mice, the levels of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), maleic dial dehydle(MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the brain tissues were measured with the method of spectrophotome try.RESULTS Compare to the model group, OSR (125,250 mg· kg-1) and nimodipine (6 rmg· kg-1) reduced the neuro logical deficits scores (P < 0.01) and the cerebral infarct vol ume (P < 0.05).Compare to the model group, OSR (62.5,125,250 mg· kg-1) and nimodipine (6 ng· kg-1)reduced the brain water content (P <0.01).Compare to the model group,OSR(125,250 mgp· kg-1) and nimedipine (6 mg· kg-1) re duced the cerebral index (P < 0.05).Compare to the model group, OSR (62.5, 125, 250 mg· kg-1) and nimodipine (6 mg· kg-1) reduced the contents of MDA, NO (P < 0.01) and increased the contents of ATP(P < 0.01).Compare to the model group, OSR (62.5, 125, 250 mg· kg-1) and nimodipine (6 mg·kg-1)enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-PX, LDH and CAT (P < 0.01), also decreased the activity of NOS (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION OSR has significant protective effects of cere bral ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice, the effective mecha nism of OSR might relate to the alleviation of oxidative stress.