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Traditionally,subthreshold potentials occurring in the soma and the dendrites are thought to be too far away from the axonal terminals to influence neurotransmitter release.However,we have demonstrated that fluctuations of membrane potentials in the soma result from the arrival of synaptic inputs during recurrent network activities could propagate along the axon with a long length constant and modulate the amplitude of spike-triggered postsynaptic potential (PSP).This suggests that the communication between cortical neurons is a mixture of digital coding (all-or-none action potentials) and analog coding (modulation of PSP by membrane potential).