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Mucoralean fungi are ubiquitous saprophytic fungi but are also able to cause life-threatening infections in animals and humans.Although mucorrnycoses are uncommon infections compared to aspergillosis or candidiasis the number of cases increased during the last decades.However, almost nothing is known about the pathogenicity mechanisms of mucoralean fungi.Genome sequences are available for only two mucoralean pathogens (Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus oryzae).Moreover, both species are closely related and represent more derived mucoralean fungi.In contrast, no information about the pathogenesis and genomes of ancient mucoratean pathogens are available.