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Periodical ecdysis is a common phenomenon occurring in Ecdysozoa.Insect ecdysis is a very important step for development.The callow insects with tender integuments could be easily attacked by pathogens after ecdysis but they do succeed in surviving due to unclear protection.Here we identified the proteomics of different types of molting fluids using the silkworm Bombyx mori as a model,and found that there are many immunity-related proteins including the prophenoloxidase activation cascade(to induce melanization)with defense functions against pathogenic microorganisms.Molting fluids can kill bacteria directly in vitro.