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[Purpose] Measurement of anti-IgM antibody for mumps enabled to diagnose a silent mumps infection.From the viewpoint of prophylactic medicine, we focused on the incidence of silent mumps infection in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by measurement of anti-IgM antibody.[Materials and methods]Serum level of anti-mumps IgM antibody of 58 patients diagnosed idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing was evaluated.[Results] Of 58 serum samples examined, 3 samples showed positive, 2 samples were regarded as border level and other samples showed negative.So,positive rate was 5.2%(3/58).[Conclusions] After the measurement of anti-IgM antibody for mumps enabled to diagnose a silent mumps infection, and almost 5% of so-called "sudden deafness" revealed to be due to a silent mumps infection.Because mumps often occurs without clinical symptoms, mumps is considered to be still one of the important causes of profound hearing loss.From the viewpoint of prophylaxis of profound hearing loss and deafness, care must be taken to understand the situation of virus epidemiology and vaccination.Fukuda S, Chida E, Satoh N, Inuyama Y : Prevention of mumps deafness-Significance of vaccination and influence of withdrawal of MMR vaccination-.Proceedings of the XVI World Congress of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery vol 1, pp827-831, 1997.Ed.by Mac G, Coman W, Carroll R.Monduzzi Editore / Bologna / Italy