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Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of intestinal inflammation disorders.Undefined environmental and genetic factors result in dysregulated immune response to normal enteric flora.New approaches are needed to improve or replace existing methods for control of intestinal inflammation.Epidemiologic evidence suggested that helminth infection affect incidence of IBD.In this report, we compared the effect ofhelminth coditioning and therapeutic antibodies in treatment of colitis.Methods: Three mice models ofIBD were treated with Heligmosomoides bakeri to induce the conditioning.We compared this method to using anti-cytokine antibodies for treatment of IBD.Clinical correlates were taken in consideration during evaluation of data.Results: Experimental animals exposed to helminth improved grade of colitis.Infected mice inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines with expansion in mucosal CD4+ regulatory T cells.In clinical studies, IBD patients exposed to the helminth Trichuris suis, a self-limiting colonization in humans with no pathologic potential, reduced disease activity and inhibited intestinal inflammation.Using anti-IFNγ antibodies in treatment of colitis may result in changing the cytokine profile to anti-inflammatory pattern without expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) as reported in helminth conditioning or improving the grade of inflammation.Memory T and B cells initiate in response to treatment with therapeutic antibodies and result in production of neutralizing antibodies reducing the effectiveness of treatment.On the other hand, helminth conditioning can be used many times to treat inflammatory episodes through booster immunizations using the parasite antigens to activate the memory cells generated by the parasite conditioning.Conclusions: Studies on animal models and clinical trials indicate advantages in using helminth conditioning over anti-cytokine antibodies in treatment of recurrent intestinal inflammation.