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Objective Study the effect of bFGF on endogenous neural stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in rats hippocampus with global brain ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were divided into there groups: sham operation group (A), operation group (B), bFGF group (C).The global brain ischemia-reperfusion models were established, and then the bFGF was injected into the lateral ventricle in group C.The doses of 5 μl (0.1 μg/μl) was administrated before the model operation, and once every two days after operation.The rat brains were acquired at 3rd d, 7th d, 11th d, 15th d with intraperitoneal injection of BrdU 1 d before animal sacrifice.HE and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the pathological changes and the expression of BrdU and Nestin in cerebral hippocampus and cortex.RT-PCR was used to measure the NSE mRNA in brain tissue.Results (1) HE staining: There were a lot of degenerated and necrotic neurons and the bodies were shrunken with karyopycnosis and chromatospherite vanished.In group C the number of survival neurons was increased.(2) Immunohistochemistry: In group A, there were few positive cells in hippocampus and cerebral cortex.Compared with group A, the expression of BrdU and Nestin was increased significantly at 3rd day in B, C group, peaked at 7th day in B group and at 11 th day in C group, then began to decrease.Compared with model group, the number of BrdU-positive and Nestin-positive cells were increased significantly at each time point in group C (P<0.05).(3) RT-PCR: The content ofNSE mRNA in group B, C was studied before the 11th day, but increased at 15th day.Only group C were increased significantly (P<0.05).Conclusions (1) The proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in situ can be induced by global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.(2) The proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in situ can be promoted and extended by Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion of rat.And bFGF on promoting endogenous neural stem cells differentiated into neurons.