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A case control study to compare characteristics of non-specific neck pain between thoracic AIS patients and those without scoliosis.224 thoracic AIS patients and 224 ordinary persons who were matched in age, gender and living environments were compared.The results showed that scoliosis did not affect the incidence of neck pain significantly but increased its frequency, which may further influence emotion and cognition of the patient.In patients with scoliosis and neck pain, the cervical lordosis was reduced.Introduction: Neck pain tends to occur in younger age.Previous studies mainly focused on back pain secondary to scoliosis, and few studies focused on scoliosis-related neck pain.Methods.Included in the present study were 224 patients with thoracic AIS (AIS group), and 224 ordinary persons who were matched in age, gender and living environments with AIS group as the control group.Those who had the complaint of neck pain were required to fill out VAS and NPAD and underwent a coronal and sagittal view of full-length spine X-ray examination.All patients with neck pain were divided as a pain group in AIS group (SP group) and a pain group in control group (CP group).The cervical (C2-C7) lordosis, arc-chord distance, sagittal vertical axis(SVA) and sagittal angles of T2-T5, T5-T12 and L1-S1 of SP and CP groups were recorded and compared.Results.The percentage of neck pain was 79(35.3%) in AIS group, and 64(28.6%) in control group.There was no significant difference between the AIS and control groups (P=0.128).There was a difference in the frequency of pain occurrence (P=0.003).In addition, the score of emotional and cognitive influences domain in NPDS was higher in SP group(P=0.000).There was significant difference in cervical lordosis(P=0.002), arc-chord distance(P=0.006) and thoracic kyphosis(P=0.000).Conclusion.Scoliosis did not affect the incidence of neck pain significantly but increased its frequency, which may further influence emotion and cognition of the patient.In patients with scoliosis and neck pain, the cervical lordosis was reduced, which may be due to thoracic hypokyphosis.The influence of reduced lordosis on cervical symptoms may become more pronounced with the follow-up prolonging.Significance.Characteristics of non-specific neck pain between thoracic AIS patients and those without scoliosis were showed.