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【目的】探索智能发育迟缓儿童的气质特征,为临床进行有效的早期干预提供参考依据。【方法】采用Carry儿童气质问卷对204例0～3岁智能发育迟缓儿童及112例正常儿童进行测试与比较。【结果】智能发育迟缓儿童气质类型中难养型与启动缓慢型偏多,在节律性、趋避性、适应性、坚持性、注意力维度分值与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。智能迟缓儿男女气质类型相近,但两组在活动水平和坚持性两个维度分值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】智能发育迟缓儿童有其独特的气质特点,应结合其特点,进行早期干预,促进其智力。
【Objective】 To explore the temperament characteristics of children with mental retardation and provide a reference for effective clinical intervention. 【Methods】 204 children aged 0-3 years with mental retardation and 112 normal children were tested and compared with Carry Children’s Temperament Questionnaire. 【Results】 There was a significant difference in the types of temperament between children with mental retardation and those with slow onset. There were significant differences in rhythm, avoidance, adaptability, persistence and attentional dimensions compared with those in normal group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in temperament between children and adolescents with mental retardation, but there was significant difference between the two groups in activity and persistence (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 Children with mental retardation have their own unique temperament characteristics, which should be combined with their characteristics to make early intervention and promote their intelligence.