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Background:We observed abnormal HOXB7 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)previously.This study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of HOXB7 and reveal the potential mechanism.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the abnormal expression of HOXB7 in ESCC.The prognostic significance of HOXB7 expression was analyzed in two independent cohorts.RNAi was used to establish two stable HOXB7-knockdown cell strains.CCK8 assay, cell growth curve assay,colony formation assay ,flow cycle analysis and tumorigenicity assay in nude mice were employed to investigate the effect of HOXB7 on proliferation in vitro and in vivo.