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Although Urology has one of the largest burdens of cancers as a medical specialty including prostate,renal and bladder the discipline has long been lacking in appropriate tumour markers to guide diagnosis and treatment.The fact that PCa is the commonest male cancer in African males (AMs)and that stage for stage AMs are more likely to die from this cancer has led to a concerted effort to identify genomic markers (GMs) for this disease.Being in the unique position of AMs having this high risk and a possible comparator of similar risk stratification for men of African descent in America offers opportunities to attempt classification of GMs in this complex field.In this presentation we will explore the process of identification of GMs, what GMs hold promise, the progress make so far in identifying GMs and the challenges facing these identifications.The presentation will incorporate data on epidemiological differences between West, East and Southern AMs and include ongoing trials on genetics in different Bantu tribes within South Africa and Swaziland including an update on the South African Prostate Cancer Study (SAPCS) an international collaboration comparing PCa risk in 9 diverse Bantu ethnic groups in the Republic of South Africa.Data on genome wide association studies (GWAS) including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene deserts (GDs) will be given emphasizing similarities and differences particularly between Sub Saharan AMs and the burgeoning data from international study groups.Epigenetic data though even more limited will also be touched on.