【摘 要】
:
百草枯(paraquat)又名克无踪,化学名称为1,1-二甲基-4,4-联吡啶阳离子盐,是目前世界范围内广泛使用的有机杂环类除草剂,毒理学上虽属中等毒性,但人畜中毒后死亡率极高,为
【机 构】
:
山东大学齐鲁医院,济南250012
论文部分内容阅读
百草枯(paraquat)又名克无踪,化学名称为1,1-二甲基-4,4-联吡啶阳离子盐,是目前世界范围内广泛使用的有机杂环类除草剂,毒理学上虽属中等毒性,但人畜中毒后死亡率极高,为剧毒毒物,成人估计致死量为20%的水溶液5-15ml或40mg/kg左右。二十世纪五十年代末,百草枯的除草作用首次被发现,1962年市场上开始出现百草枯产品。急性百草枯中毒是当前严重影响我国人民群众身体健康的中毒性疾病,目前尚无特效解毒药,病死率高达60%-70%[1]。百草枯除对皮肤及口腔黏膜有局部刺激和腐蚀作用外,主要引起肺、肾脏、肝脏、循环、神经、胃肠道等多系统器官损害。百草枯所致的肺损伤包括早期的急性肺水肿、肺充血、ARDS(急性呼吸窘迫综合征)和晚期的进行性肺纤维化。早期的急性肺水肿和重症肺炎及晚期的肺纤维化是百草枯中毒致呼吸衰竭乃至死亡的重要原因。
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