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Background: FocA belongs to the formate-nitrate transporter family and plays an essential role in the export and uptake of formate in organisms.According to the available crystal structures, the N-terminal residues of FocA are structurally featureless at physiological conditions but at reduced pH form helices to harbor the cytoplasmic entrance of the substrate permeation pathway, which apparently explains the cessation of electrical signal observed in electrophysiological experiments.