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Objective: The development of nanomedicine provides unprecedented opportunities for design and fabrication of new theranostic agents against cancer.Method: In this study,we successfully constructed a novel theranostic nanoplatform based on gadolinium-doped carbon dots(Gd-doped CDs)designed specifically for magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy of tumor.Results: The as-prepared Gd-doped CDs(~nm)with dispersibility in water and stable photoluminescence were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal approach.Remarkably,they exhibited favorable biocompatibility and excellent performance in longitudinal relaxivity(r1)of 6.45 mM-1S-1 and radiosensitization enhancements.In addition,the Gd-doped CDs can be rapid accumulated in kidney and cleared out of the body from the bladder after tail vein injection,where relatively long circulation time(~6 h)in vivo endowed Gd-doped CDs with efficient tumor passive targeting.Conclusion: These studies revealed that Gd-doped CDs as both excellent T1 contrasts agent and radiosensitizer possess great promise for magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy of tumor.