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In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of paclitaxel in transient cerebral ischemia and the possible regulatory mechanism underlying the neuroprotection.Our data show that paclitaxel can down-regulate the increased MLK3, JNK3, c-Jun and Bcl-2 phosphorylation induced by ischemia injury.Cresyl violet staining and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that paclitaxel had a neuroprotective effect against ischemia reperfusion-induced neuronal cell death.These results indicate that paclitaxel has a neuroprotective role in ischemic injury through JNK3 signaling pathway and provides a novel possible drug in therapeutics of brain ischemia.