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The increase in energy demand worldwide and diminishing fossil fuel reserves have driven the development of sustainable energy from renewable sources.Renewable energy(RE)is often portrayed as a potential solution to address issues such as enhancing energy security,combating climate change,and promoting agriculture and rural development.This has attracted vast global interest gearing towards biomass valorisation for RE production.The Malaysian palm oil industry generates an estimated 80 million dry tonnes of oil palm biomass-in the forms of empty fruit bunch(EFB),palm shell,mesocarp fibre,oil palm frond and oil palm trunk – as untapped resource highly potential as RE.The mushrooming of new or improved technologies in the country is paving the way to the success implementation of second generation biofuels demonstration plants.This paper discusses the important energy characteristics of oil palm biomass,the energy conversion efficiency and potential energy outputs of the exploited technologies,in second generation biofuel deployment from oil palm biomass.The development,challenges and opportunities for the development of second generation biofuels from oil palm biomass in Malaysia will be benchmarked against that in the global technological development and investment requirement to establish second generation production plants.