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Background It has been reported that fragmented QRS (fQRS) complexes was associated with increased morbidity and mortality,sudden cardiac death and recurrent cardiovascular events.A well-grown coronary collateral circulation may prevent development of transmural MI,chest pain and ECG sign of ischemia during a brief period of coronary occlusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty.The association between coronary collaterals and presence of fQRS has not comprehensively been studied in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) until now.We hypothesized that presence of fQRS is associated with inadequate coronary collateral.