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Bamboos ability to grow on nutrient poor soils, little requirement of silvicultural management, easy harvesting characteristics, vegetative propagation, fast growth and a host of other desirable characteristics make it a good candidate as an energy crop.Energy crops are cultivated solely for use as sources of energy through their conversion into alcohols.This study set out to determine the potential of moso bamboo be used in the two-stage organosolv and alkaline pretreatment the production of bioethanol.Moso bamboo contains 63.3% (w/w) holocellulose and can serve as a low-cost feedstock for bioethanol production.Organosolv pretreatment (2% w/w H2SO4 in 75% w/w ethanol, 160℃ for 30 min) of bamboo was further delignified through pretreatment of sodium hydroxide (10% and 20% w/w) or Calcium hydroxide(10% w/w), which resulted in about 96.5%(NaOH) and 85.7%(Ca(OH)2) lignin removal.The enzymatic hydrolysis of delignified cellulosic bamboo substrate with celluolase (15 FPU/g glucan) and β-glucosidase(30 IU/g glucan) showed 80.9%~95.5% saccharification after 48 h incubation at 50℃ and pH 4.8.Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates with Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in about 85.9%~93.5% of the corresponding theoretical ethanol yield after 24 h.