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Background The interventional treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO) is one of the major challenges in contemporary interventional cardiology.The CTO cases are identified in 15％-30％ of all patients referred for coronary angiography.The complexity of CTOs is illustrated by the relatively low procedural success rates (70％-90％), compared with subtotal stenosis (98％).Despite advances in expertise and technique, there are still many patients with CTO who did not benefit from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).And there is also uncertain about the prognostic impact or percutaneous CTO revascularization.The aim of this study was to evaluate 1.5-year clinical outcomes after antegrade PCI for CTO and non-CTO.