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The biomineralization of magnetite nanocrystals(called magnetosomes)by magnetotactic bacteria(MTB)has attracted intense interest in biology,geology and materials science due to the precise morphology of the particles,the chain-like assembly and their unique magnetic properties.In the past decades,great efforts have been made in understanding the biogeographic distribution and phylogenetic diversity of MTB from nature,and the molecular mechanisms of magnetosome formation within several cultured MTB strains(1).In contrast,the crystal growth and magnetism of magnetosomes within large amounts of uncultured MTB remain still largely unknown.This heavily limits the comprehensive and in-depth understanding the biomineralization of MTB and developing the biomedical applications of magnetosomes.