论文部分内容阅读
Natural mammalian haploid only exists in germ cells and occasionally occurs in rare tumor cells harboring genetic mutations.In theory, mammalian haploid stem cells could be derived from parthenogenesis or androgenetic development, or could be differentiated from diploid stem cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.Recently, haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells have been successfully derived from Medaka Fish and mouse embryos.