借鉴美国教学新模式,开展探究式大学物理教学

来源 :第二届高等教育理工类教学研讨会(The 2nd Teaching Seminars on Higher Educatio | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:xjtcfx
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本文介绍了在美国高校中广泛应用的物理教学新模式同伴教学、适时教学、探究式物理教学和SCALE-UP等的教学过程,分析了其教学策略的特点,并探究了美国物理教学模式的发展趋势.借鉴了美国教学新模式的研究成果,在北京交通大学的大学物理教学中开展了互动探究式教学改革,包括:适合大班互动的教学模式,开发符合学生认知规律的互动探究式题库,以及为学生搭建一个自我探究的学习平台——《进阶式探究物理》. 2008年,北京交通大学物理系通过与美国俄亥俄州州立大学合作,引进Clicker系统应用于大学物理课程的教学中。目前,己经在十余个教室中安装了Clicker系统,并与相关公司合作开发了有益教学互动的Clicker系统的数据统计软件。测试了Clicker系统对大班的教学效果,并尝试探索出一套适合中国学生和教师的Clicker互动探究式教学模式,以及与此适应的题目设计方法、教学策略和评估手段。Clicker系统使用效果有如下特点:1)大大提高了学生的课堂出勤率;2)提高了学生的学习兴趣和课堂参与度:对每一个Clicker问题,绝大多数同学都参与了讨论和投票,在互相讨论之后学生对物理概念的掌握有了更进一步的提高。3)Clicker教学班学生的平均期末成绩比平行班的高。
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本文基于工科新生学习特点的研究,从引入课堂应答系统Clicker、建立Clicker互动题库、调整教学策略几方面开展教学改革的探索,提出基于问题的以进阶式学习为核心的教学模式.三年的实践教学和实证研究证明,该教学模式是可行有效的.采用通用的国际评测工具对使用该教学模式的试验班和传统教学平行班对比,结果表明试验班在各种评估测试中均获较高的归一化增益.