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The key to fully understanding water-solid interfaces relies on the microscopic nature of hydrogen bond networks,including their atomic structures,interfacial interactions,and dynamic behaviors.Here,we report the observation of two types of simplest water chains on Au(111) surface which is expected unstable according to the rules of hydrogen network on noble metal surfaces.A common feature at the end of chain structures is revealed in high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images.To explain the stability in observed hydrogen bond networks,we propose a structure model of the water chains terminated with a hydroxyl group.The model is consistent with detailed image analysis and molecular manipulation.The observation of simplest water chains suggests a new platform for exploring fundamental physics in hydrogen bond networks on surfaces.