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目的了解近5年来巫溪县防治燃煤污染引起的地方性氟中毒的效果,为巫溪县消除燃煤污染型地方病氟中毒制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法每年对巫溪县3个固定监测村儿童氟斑牙、尿氟含量进行检测,并监测这3个固定监测村及5个流动监测村居民户炉灶使用情况及相关行为方式,收集连续5年的资料,进行纵向比较。结果固定监测村儿童氟斑牙检出率从48.16%下降到30.07%,氟斑牙指数从0.93下降到0.53,儿童尿氟从0.94 mg/L下降到0.35mg/L;8个监测村在采暖季节使用铁炉、电热器及改良灶3种清洁能源中任意一种取暖的用户最高可占95%;铁炉和改良灶的质量合格率在22.5%~91.25%内波动;铁炉和改良灶的正确使用率在26.25%~91.25%之间;固定监测村和流动监测村居民户正确干燥、保存及食用玉米、辣椒保持在90%以上。结论采取以改炉改灶为主的综合性防治措施防治燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒后,儿童氟斑牙、尿氟等氟毒性效应指标得到了较大改善,炉灶正确使用率也在提高,应继续加强健康教育宣传工作。
Objective To understand the effect of endemic fluorosis caused by prevention and control of coal-burning pollution in Wuxi County in the past five years and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of fluorosis caused by coal-burning endemic diseases in Wuxi County. Methods The dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride contents of children in three fixed monitoring villages in Wuxi County were detected every year. The usage of the stoves and the behavior of the households in the three fixed monitoring villages and five mobile monitoring villages were monitored. Five consecutive years The data, for longitudinal comparison. Results The detection rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 48.16% to 30.07% in fixed monitoring village, the dental fluorosis index decreased from 0.93 to 0.53, and the urinary fluoride in children dropped from 0.94 mg / L to 0.35 mg / L. Eight monitoring villages were under heating Season, the use of iron stoves, electric stoves and improved stoves in any of the three kinds of clean energy users can be up to 95% of the user; furnace and improved stove quality pass rate fluctuations in 22.5% ~ 91.25%; iron stove and improved stove The correct utilization rate was between 26.25% and 91.25%. The households in the fixed monitoring village and the mobile monitoring village were properly dried, preserved and eaten corn, and the chillies maintained above 90%. Conclusion Taking the comprehensive prevention and control measures based on furnace improvement and stove improvement, the fluorine toxicity effect indexes such as dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride have been greatly improved, and the correct utilization rate of stove has also been improved , Should continue to strengthen health education and publicity.