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本文着重就加拿大的情况评价了通过改进生产管理和育种来改善牧草质量的前景。评价牧草质量的主要项目有:营养成分、消化率、自由采食量和抗营养因素。因为成熟度对牧草质量有重要的影响,那么适时收割制度和收割设备,在决定优质牧草产量构成方面就是主要的了。豆种牧草的质量往往比禾草高,采用较大比例的豆科牧草及对禾草一豆科草混播草场进行改良更新,有可能改善牧草质量。较多地采用补饲和轮牧制,会提高优质牧草的采食量。改善牧草质量的育种乃是一个漫长的过程,但只要牧草消化率有一点点改善,家畜生产力就会较大地提高。改善牧草质量的育种,重点应继续放在降低抗营养因素和提高可消化能摄入量上面。改善冷季牧草质量的育种进程,已经受到了不适当的分析方法的限制。营养分析实验室所用的分析方法应作调整,以适应植物育种工作者独特的需要。
This article highlights the prospects of Canada for improving forage quality through improved management of production and breeding. The main items that evaluate forage quality are: nutrient content, digestibility, free feed intake and anti-nutritional factors. Because maturity has a significant impact on forage quality, timely harvesting systems and harvesting equipment are key in determining the composition of good forage yields. The quality of legume forage tends to be higher than that of grasses, with a larger proportion of leguminous pasture and improved grazing of legume grass and legume grass, which may improve pasture quality. Increased use of feed and round grazing system will increase the feed intake of high quality forage. Breeding to improve the quality of forage is a long process, but as long as there is a slight improvement in forage digestibility, the productivity of livestock is greatly increased. Breeding to improve pasture quality should continue to focus on reducing anti-nutritional factors and increasing digestible energy intake. Breeding processes that improve the quality of forage in cold season have been limited by inadequate analytical methods. Analytical methods used by nutrition analysis laboratories should be adapted to the unique needs of plant breeders.