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在许多地区,虽然认为干旱是限制小麦生产的重要因素,但有关抗旱育种的方法还很不完善.为了确定冬小麦潜在抗旱参数及其遗传性,于1984-1985和1985-1986年在美国俄克拉何马的Stillwater进行了田间试验.在遮雨棚下对抗旱品种TAM W-101和对干旱敏感品种“Sturdy”的杂交一代(F_1)、二代(F_2)和F_1与亲本的回交子代进行了评价.生育期中记载了分蘖数.在生殖生长阶段,随水分胁迫发展,每隔7-10天测定叶水势、溶质势、压力势和相对含水量,直到旗叶衰老为止.6个群体的分蘖数和生长速度相近,水势及其成份和相对含水量随干旱加剧而降低;其他性状差异不显著;群体间相对含水量存在显著差异.在干旱情况下,TAM W-101与“Sturdy”相比,前者的相对含水量较高,籽粒灌浆期较长.群体间相对含水量值的比较表明,这一值的差异主要受基因累加性效应控制.随干旱程度加剧,相对含水量的狭义遗传力(h~2)增加,在旗叶衰老前一周达到最大值0.64.由于遗传力如此之高,因此相对含水量可以作为冬小麦的抗旱育种指标.
Although drought is considered to be an important factor limiting wheat production in many areas, the methods for drought resistance breeding are still far from perfect. In order to determine the potential drought resistance parameters and their heredity of winter wheat in 1984-1985 and 1985-1986, A field experiment was carried out in Stillwater, Homang, under the canopy of drought-tolerant cultivars TAM W-101 and F1 hybrids (F_1), F_2 and F_1 with drought-sensitive cultivars “Sturdy” The tillering number was recorded during the growth period.With the development of water stress, leaf water potential, solute potential, pressure potential and relative water content were determined every 7-10 days until the flag leaf senescence.6 The tillering number and growth rate of the population were similar, and the water potential and its composition and relative water content decreased with the increase of drought. There was no significant difference among other traits. There was a significant difference in the relative water content of the population. In the case of drought, Sturdy, "the former had higher relative water content and longer grain filling period.The comparison of relative water content among the groups showed that the difference of this value was mainly controlled by the additive effect of gene.With the degree of drought increasing, Narrow water The heritability (h ~ 2) increased and reached a maximum of 0.64 in the week prior to the flag leaf senescence. As the heritability is so high, the relative water content can be used as drought resistance breeding index in winter wheat.