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目的研究新生儿重组酵母乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种的长期免疫效果和加强免疫的必要性。方法对黄浦区1997年出生的并全程接种重组酵母乙肝疫苗的对象隔年随访,采血测得乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc),与本底对照(1984—1985年原上海南市区乙肝病毒横断面调查)相比计算保护率,并补充急性乙肝发病调查。结果 HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率逐年下降,分别由基础免疫后1年时的2.62%、93.72%、3.66%降至16年后的1.12%、17.88%、1.12%。免疫组的HBsAg阳性率较本底组均明显下降,平均阳性率1.22%与免疫前本底组的1~20岁HBs Ag阳性率9.52%相比,疫苗保护率为87.18%(χ2=68.083,P<0.01)。结论新生儿使用重组酵母乙肝疫苗免疫有较好的持久性和保护效果,免疫后16年无需加强免疫。
Objective To study the long-term immunization effect of neonatal recombinant yeast hepatitis B (HB) vaccination and the necessity of enhancing immunity. Methods The follow-up of patients with recombinant yeast Hepatitis B vaccine, born in 1997 in Huangpu District, and the whole course of the inoculation of recombinant yeast Hepatitis B vaccine was performed. Blood samples were collected for detection of HBsAg, HBsAg and anti-HBc, The bottom control (1984-1985 Shanghai Nanshi District Hepatitis B virus cross-sectional survey) compared to calculate the protection rate, and add the investigation of acute hepatitis B incidence. Results The positive rate of HBsAg, the positive rate of anti-HBs and the positive rate of anti-HBc decreased year by year from 2.62%, 93.72% and 3.66% respectively at 1 year after basic immunization to 1.12%, 17.88% and 1.12% . The positive rate of HBsAg in the immunized group was significantly lower than that in the background group, with an average positive rate of 1.22%. The vaccine protection rate was 87.18% (χ2 = 68.083, P <0.01). Conclusions The neonatal immunization with recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine has better persistence and protective effect, and there is no need of intensive immunization 16 years after immunization.