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当液体在泵内流动时,若局部压力低于一定值,则在液体内的杂质、微小固体颗粒或液体界面的缝隙中存在的气核,会迅速生长为人眼可见的空泡。空泡随液流到达高压区后,受到周围液体的压力压缩,并经过反弹,直到最后完全溃灭。这一过程称为汽蚀。汽蚀将使泵的效率降低,寿命缩短,产生噪声与振动,能耗增加。泵是石油运输中耗能最多的机械,如何提高泵的抗汽蚀性能,应注意以下几个方面:
When the liquid flows in the pump, if the local pressure is lower than a certain value, gas nuclei present in the liquid impurities, tiny solid particles or gaps in the liquid interface will rapidly grow into vacuoles visible to the human eye. After the bubble reaches the high pressure zone with the liquid flow, it is compressed by the pressure of the surrounding liquid and bounces back until it finally collapses completely. This process is called cavitation. Cavitation will reduce the efficiency of the pump, shortened life expectancy, resulting in noise and vibration, increased energy consumption. Pump is the most energy-consuming machinery in the oil transport, how to improve the anti-cavitation pump performance, should pay attention to the following aspects: