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本文报道了近年来有关宿主免疫水平对棘球蚴生长发育的影响、棘球蚴对宿主免疫功能的破坏,以及棘球蚴病免疫防治研究的进展。现有的研究资料表明,非特异性的宿主免疫反应对棘球蚴的寄生、生长和发育具有明显的影响。经卡介苗(BCG)或植物血凝素(PHA)激活的巨噬细胞具有明显的抗原头节作用,而补体则能溶解棘球绦虫成虫及原头节。同时,经眼镜蛇毒素处理的棉鼠,其体内的多房棘球绦虫发育增殖增快,并易于转移扩散。棘球蚴感染可引起宿主特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。但宿主的免疫反应如何进一步影响棘球蚴囊的发育、增殖,及在药物治疗过程中如何参与杀灭或破坏棘球蚴囊尚不清楚。近年来,有关免疫防治探讨的结果指出,用棘球蚴原头节及其提取物、成虫、成虫分泌物或囊液及囊壁的提取物作免疫原进行免疫时,对犬和羊的感染具有一定的保护作用,以及BCG与甲苯达唑并用时可增强抗泡球蚴的作用。
In this paper, we report the effects of host immune status on the growth and development of hydatid cysts, the disruption of immune function by hydatid cysts and the immunological control of hydatid cysts. The existing research data show that non-specific host immune response has significant effects on the parasitism, growth and development of hydatid cysts. Macrophages activated by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) have obvious antigenic head-section effects, whereas complement can dissolve adult and primate sections of Echinococcus. At the same time, the Cobra venom treated cotton rats, the body’s Echinococcus multilocularis growth and development faster, and easy to transfer and spread. Echinococcosis infection can cause host-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. However, it remains unclear how the immune response of the host further affects the development and proliferation of hydatid cyst, and how to participate in killing or destroying the hydatid cyst in the course of drug treatment. In recent years, the results of the study on immunization prevention pointed out that the infection of dogs and sheep with the echinococcosis and its extract, adult, adult secretions or cyst fluid and cyst wall extract as immunogen immunization Has a certain protective effect, and BCG and mebendazole can enhance the role of anti-metacercaria.