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核蛋白或核肽是一类其侧链羟基通过磷酸二酯键连接到ＤＮＡ 或ＲＮＡ 的３′或５′端的天然生物大分子，具有广泛的生物学效应，包括ＤＮＡ及ＲＮＡ 的复制、ＤＮＡ 的转录、插入、缺失和重组等。核肽也指合成的核蛋白结合位点的片断，作为一种新的工具既可用于研究核蛋白产生生物效应的机理，又为开发新一类抗病毒、抗肿瘤药物开辟了道路。
Nucleoproteins or nucleosides are a class of natural biomacromolecules whose side-chain hydroxyl groups are linked to the 3 ’or 5’ ends of DNA or RNA by phosphodiester linkages and have a wide range of biological effects including DNA and RNA replication, DNA Transcription, insertion, deletion and recombination. Nucleotide also refers to the fragment of synthetic nucleoprotein binding site. It can be used as a new tool to study the biological effect of nucleoprotein and to open up a new class of anti-virus and anti-tumor drug.