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多孔质铝阳极氧化膜具有质硬、耐磨和抗腐蚀等诸多优点，是目前广泛应用的工程材料之一．为了探讨这类膜的摩擦学性能与其结构的内在联系，利用透射电子显微镜对分别在硫酸和草酸电解液中生成的多孔质铝阳极氧化膜的结构进行了观察分析，并对其在干摩擦下的摩擦学性能作了考察．观察发现，在选定的制膜工艺条件下，分别于硫酸和草酸电解液中生成的铝阳极氧化膜具有多孔质结构，在阳极氧化膜的底部有一层由致密的氧化物质组成的“障壁层”．摩擦试验结果表明，多孔质铝阳极氧化膜的韧性和硬度都是影响其耐磨性能的重要因素，而电解液温度又对铝阳极氧化膜的韧性和硬度产生直接的影响．分别在１０～３０℃和３～５０℃下生成的硫酸和草酸阳极氧化膜都具有良好的韧性和较高的硬度，故其具有很好的耐磨性．草酸阳极氧化膜中不含结晶水，因而这种膜的耐高温性能明显比硫酸阳极氧化膜的好
Porous aluminum anodic oxide film with hard, wear and corrosion and many other advantages, is currently widely used engineering materials. In order to investigate the intrinsic relationship between the tribological properties of these films and their structures, the structures of porous anodic aluminum oxide films formed in sulfuric acid and oxalic acid electrolytes respectively were observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties were investigated. It was observed that under the selected film-forming process conditions, the anodic aluminum oxide film formed in the sulfuric acid and oxalic acid electrolytes respectively has a porous structure. The bottom of the anodic oxide film has a “barrier layer composed of a dense oxide material ”. Friction test results show that the toughness and hardness of the porous aluminum anodic oxide film are important factors affecting the wear resistance, and the electrolyte temperature and aluminum anodized film toughness and hardness have a direct impact. Sulfuric acid and oxalic acid anodic oxide films formed at 10 ~ 30 ℃ and 3 ~ 50 ℃ respectively have good toughness and high hardness, so they have good wear resistance. Oxalic acid anodized film does not contain water of crystallization, and thus the high temperature performance of this film was significantly better than the sulfuric acid anodic oxide film