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目的了解深圳市外来劳务工膳食结构和营养状况,为开展营养教育和营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取工业区集体食堂14所、830名劳务工进行膳食调查;用记账法获得每个集体食堂的调味品的消费量,连续3d 24h回顾法获得每个调查对象各类食物的进食量,与推荐摄入量(Recommended nutrientintakes,RNIs)、2002年广东省居民膳食调查结果进行比较,评价深圳市劳务工的膳食营养状况。结果每标准人日摄入畜禽类、食用油、食盐分别为124.0g、28.1g、7.8g,均高于推荐食物摄入量;水果、鱼虾类、奶类摄入量分别为39.3g、17.4g、23.2g,低于推荐食物摄入量。每标准人日摄入能量2 566.0kcal,占RNIs的107.0%;蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的摄入量分别为75.8g、73.3g、389.0g,提供能量的比例分别为12.0%、26.3%、61.8%。维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素B6、叶酸和维生素C摄入量分别为514.0μgRE、0.9mg、0.8mg、0.3mg、60.6μg、85.9mg,分别仅占RNIs的64.3%、64.3%、57.1%、25.0%、15.2%、85.9%。钙、镁和锌摄入量分别为418.0mg、315.0mg、12.2mg,分别仅占RNIs的52.3%、90.0%、81.3%。结论深圳市外来劳务工人员膳食结构不尽合理。需加强合理营养、平衡膳食的宣传教育,防止营养相关慢性病发病率持续上升。
Objective To understand the dietary structure and nutritional status of migrant laborers in Shenzhen and provide a scientific basis for nutrition education and nutrition improvement. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to extract 14 collective canteens in the industrial zone and 830 laborers were surveyed. Consumption of condiments in each collective canteen was obtained by the accounting method. The data of each survey respondent Food intake, recommended nutrient intake (Recommended Nutrients in RNIs), 2002, the results of the survey of residents in Guangdong Province to compare and evaluate the Shenzhen labor service dietary nutritional status. Results Each standard human intake of livestock and poultry, cooking oil, salt were 124.0g, 28.1g, 7.8g, were higher than the recommended food intake; fruit, fish and shrimp, milk intake were 39.3g , 17.4g, 23.2g, lower than the recommended food intake. The daily intake of energy was 2 566.0 kcal per day, accounting for 107.0% of the RNIs. The intake of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 75.8g, 73.3g and 389.0g respectively, and the energy supplied was 12.0% and 26.3% respectively, 61.8%. The intakes of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin C were 514.0μgRE, 0.9mg, 0.8mg, 0.3mg, 60.6μg and 85.9mg respectively accounting for 64.3% and 64.3% of RNIs respectively %, 57.1%, 25.0%, 15.2%, 85.9%. The intakes of calcium, magnesium and zinc were 418.0mg, 315.0mg and 12.2mg respectively accounting for 52.3%, 90.0% and 81.3% of RNIs respectively. Conclusion The dietary structure of migrant workers in Shenzhen is not reasonable. We should step up publicity and education on proper nutrition and balanced diet so as to prevent the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases from continuously increasing.