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目的:探究促进我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素。方法:首先深入国家跳水队对奥运冠军进行为期1年多的参与式观察;其次选择我国跳水奥运冠军7名、亚军1名以及双人项目跳水奥运冠军搭档3名进行面对面的深度访谈(每个受访者单独访谈1次,每次访谈2 h左右),最后就有关访谈结果与其重要他人及时核实,以全面、深入且多角度了解促进跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素及其排序。结果:促进我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素为心理优越感、跳水天分、技术优势、训练积累、比赛经验、竞赛心理优势6个内在优势,以及裁判印象、举国体制2个外在优势;依据其促进作用从大到小排序,表现出有些不尽相同有些大相径庭的个体差异;促进我国双人项目跳水奥运冠军搭档与其共创辉煌的典型优势元素为搭档、配合默契。结论:我国跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素以内在优势为主,突显了再次夺冠的主体作用;各个优势元素排序颇具个体差异,凸显了奥运冠军的独特性及其成功之路的不可复制性;我国双人项目跳水奥运冠军再次夺冠的优势元素积极影响搭档与其共创辉煌。
Objective: To explore the advantages of promoting China’s Olympic champion diving once again won the championship. Methods: Firstly, the National Diving Team conducted a participatory observation over the Olympic champion for more than one year. Secondly, we selected seven Chinese Olympic Diving Champions, one runner-up and three Olympic diving champions from the two teams to conduct face-to-face in-depth interviews The interviewer interviewed once and the interview was conducted for about 2 hours). Finally, the interview results and other important people were verified in time to understand and sort the superior elements of promoting the championship of the diving Olympic champions again, comprehensively and deeply. Results: The dominant elements that promote the Olympic champion of diving in our country to win again are the six internal advantages of psychological superiority, diving talent, technical superiority, training accumulation, competition experience and competitive psychological advantage, and two external advantages of referee impression and nationwide system. According to their promotion from small to small, showing some different and somewhat different individual differences; to promote China’s dual diving champion Olympic partner and its typical advantages of creating brilliant partners, with the tacit understanding. Conclusion: The dominant elements of the Chinese Diving Olympic champion once again won the main advantage, which highlights the main role of winning the championship again. The order of the dominant elements is quite individual, which highlights the uniqueness of the Olympic champions and the irreproducibility of their success. China’s dual project diving Olympic champion once again won the advantage of the positive influence partner and create brilliant.