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非谓语动词指的是一个句子中除了谓语动词之外的动词，这些动词不能充当谓语，但是可充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语或宾语补足语等成分。
非谓语动词有四种形式：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。现简述如下：
一、动词不定式
1. 作主语。动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。为了避免句子“头重脚轻”的现象，常用it作形式主语(it无意义)，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式(短语)。eg：
It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
It takes me ten minutes to walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学要花十分钟。
2. 作宾语。动词不定式(短语)作宾语时，常用在want， like， love， teach, stop， begin， start，forget， remember， would like等动词后。eg：
I want to go fishing with you. 我想和你们一起去钓鱼。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
当你离开教室时，别忘了关灯。
3. 作宾语补足语。动词ask， like， tell， want， invite， teach， help， would like等后面接宾语，宾语之后常用动词不定式作宾语补足语。eg：
Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你叫他给我打电话，好吗？
His mother told him not to play on the road. 他妈妈告诉他不要在马路上玩耍。
4. 作定语。动词不定式(短语)作定语时，常放在被修饰的名词或不定代词之后。eg：
I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有许多工作要做。
Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么？
5. 作状语。动词不定式作状语多用在go， come等动词之后或“be+形容词”之后。eg：
She came to get her dictionary. 她来取她的词典。
I’m very glad to see you again. 又见到你，我非常高兴。
6. 作表语。动词不定式(短语)用在系动词be之后作表语。eg：
His wish is to be a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。
二、动名词
1. 动名词相当于一个名词，可以作主语、定语、宾语、表语等。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg： Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。(作主语)
Here’s a shopping list. 这儿有一张购物单。(作定语)
2. 动名词作动词、介词的宾语。eg：
He enjoys listening to the radio. 他喜欢听收音机。
What about playing football now? 现在踢足球怎么样？
三、现在分词
1. 作非谓语动词的现在分词常用在感官动词(如see， hear， watch等)之后，作宾语补足语。eg： Don’t you see a boy flying a kite on the playground?
有个男孩正在操场上放风筝，你没看见吗？
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。
2. 现在分词(短语)作定语，可放在被修饰的词之前或之后。eg：
Barking dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗不咬人。
Please ask the boy standing by the window. 请问站在窗边的那个男孩。
四、过去分词
1. 作名词的前置定语。eg：
His given name is Jack. 他的名字叫杰克。
2. 作名词的后置定语。eg：
Do you know the girl called Mary? 你认识那个叫玛丽的女孩吗？
3. 作表语。实际上过去分词已形容词化。eg：
His kite is broken. 他的风筝坏了。
When they heard the news, they were all surprised. 当他们听到这个消息时，都非常吃惊。
[小试牛刀] 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s time for us ____(go) to school now.
2. Mr. Smith told the boys ____(not play) football in the street.
3. It’s dangerous ____(cross) the street when the traffic lights are red.
4. Would you ____(not talk) in class, please?
5. It took me half an hour to finish ____(read) the book.
6. We hope ____(visit) the Great Wall one day.
7. Jim wanted ____(give) us a talk.
8. In China, the last name is the ____(give) name.
9. My mother doesn’t let me ____(eat) too much.
10. I asked him ____(not turn) off the radio. I was listening to music.
11. The play made the little boy ____(laugh).
12. Don’t forget ____(come) to my birthday party tomorrow.
13. John’s father saw him ____(lie) in bed when he came in.
14. Would you like ____(have) a cup of tea?
15. What about ____(go) out for a walk now?
16. You have a bad cold, so you’d better ____(stay) at home.
17. I have a lot of homework ____(do).
18. Many foreigners enjoy ____(live) in China.
19. I’m not hungry. I don’t feel like ____(eat) anything.
20. She is too young ____(work).
Key:1.to go 2.not to play 3.to cross 4.not talk 5reading 6.to visit 7.to give 8.given 9.eat 10.not to turn 11.laugh 12.to come 13.lying 14.to have 15.going 16.stay 17.to do 18.living 19.eating 20.to work
非谓语动词有四种形式：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。现简述如下：
一、动词不定式
1. 作主语。动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。为了避免句子“头重脚轻”的现象，常用it作形式主语(it无意义)，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式(短语)。eg：
It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
It takes me ten minutes to walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学要花十分钟。
2. 作宾语。动词不定式(短语)作宾语时，常用在want， like， love， teach, stop， begin， start，forget， remember， would like等动词后。eg：
I want to go fishing with you. 我想和你们一起去钓鱼。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
当你离开教室时，别忘了关灯。
3. 作宾语补足语。动词ask， like， tell， want， invite， teach， help， would like等后面接宾语，宾语之后常用动词不定式作宾语补足语。eg：
Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你叫他给我打电话，好吗？
His mother told him not to play on the road. 他妈妈告诉他不要在马路上玩耍。
4. 作定语。动词不定式(短语)作定语时，常放在被修饰的名词或不定代词之后。eg：
I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有许多工作要做。
Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么？
5. 作状语。动词不定式作状语多用在go， come等动词之后或“be+形容词”之后。eg：
She came to get her dictionary. 她来取她的词典。
I’m very glad to see you again. 又见到你，我非常高兴。
6. 作表语。动词不定式(短语)用在系动词be之后作表语。eg：
His wish is to be a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。
二、动名词
1. 动名词相当于一个名词，可以作主语、定语、宾语、表语等。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg： Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。(作主语)
Here’s a shopping list. 这儿有一张购物单。(作定语)
2. 动名词作动词、介词的宾语。eg：
He enjoys listening to the radio. 他喜欢听收音机。
What about playing football now? 现在踢足球怎么样？
三、现在分词
1. 作非谓语动词的现在分词常用在感官动词(如see， hear， watch等)之后，作宾语补足语。eg： Don’t you see a boy flying a kite on the playground?
有个男孩正在操场上放风筝，你没看见吗？
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。
2. 现在分词(短语)作定语，可放在被修饰的词之前或之后。eg：
Barking dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗不咬人。
Please ask the boy standing by the window. 请问站在窗边的那个男孩。
四、过去分词
1. 作名词的前置定语。eg：
His given name is Jack. 他的名字叫杰克。
2. 作名词的后置定语。eg：
Do you know the girl called Mary? 你认识那个叫玛丽的女孩吗？
3. 作表语。实际上过去分词已形容词化。eg：
His kite is broken. 他的风筝坏了。
When they heard the news, they were all surprised. 当他们听到这个消息时，都非常吃惊。
[小试牛刀] 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s time for us ____(go) to school now.
2. Mr. Smith told the boys ____(not play) football in the street.
3. It’s dangerous ____(cross) the street when the traffic lights are red.
4. Would you ____(not talk) in class, please?
5. It took me half an hour to finish ____(read) the book.
6. We hope ____(visit) the Great Wall one day.
7. Jim wanted ____(give) us a talk.
8. In China, the last name is the ____(give) name.
9. My mother doesn’t let me ____(eat) too much.
10. I asked him ____(not turn) off the radio. I was listening to music.
11. The play made the little boy ____(laugh).
12. Don’t forget ____(come) to my birthday party tomorrow.
13. John’s father saw him ____(lie) in bed when he came in.
14. Would you like ____(have) a cup of tea?
15. What about ____(go) out for a walk now?
16. You have a bad cold, so you’d better ____(stay) at home.
17. I have a lot of homework ____(do).
18. Many foreigners enjoy ____(live) in China.
19. I’m not hungry. I don’t feel like ____(eat) anything.
20. She is too young ____(work).
Key:1.to go 2.not to play 3.to cross 4.not talk 5reading 6.to visit 7.to give 8.given 9.eat 10.not to turn 11.laugh 12.to come 13.lying 14.to have 15.going 16.stay 17.to do 18.living 19.eating 20.to work