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Objective: To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor. Methods; 181 cases of mammary gland phyma who had accepted the examination of the near-infrared TBO-I dual-wave length mammary gland phyma detector were classified by near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen, and were performed the pathologic examination to ascertain whether the tumor was benign or malignant. Among these cases, intratumoral microvessel density of 20 cases of malignant phyma and 20 cases of benign phyma were confirmed by S-P immunohistochemical method, then the relationship between near-infrared parameters and microvessel density were analyzed by medical statistics. Results: (1) The microvessel density and blood concentration of 28 cases of the "high blood" tumor were 24.56 ± 8.110 and 1.891 ± 0.850 respectively. The microvessel density and blood concentration of 12 cases of the "low blood" tumor were 17.98 ± 8.729 and 0.698 ± 0.283 respectively. There was significant difference between the "high blood" and "low blood" tumors (P ＜ 0.05). (2) The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration were linearly correlated respectively, and the linear correlation coefficient r = 0.4208 (P ＜ 0.05) in 40 cases of mammary gland phyma.Conclusion: The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration of benign or malignant mammary gland phyma were linearly correlated. Blood concentration (one of near-infrared parameters) is reliable to be used as diagnosis criterion of malignant mammary gland phyma.